Explanation of Common Titanium Alloy Grades

Gr1 Titanium Alloy is the first among the four industrial pure titanium grades. It's the softest and most ductile among these grades. It boasts maximum formability, excellent corrosion resistance, and high impact toughness. Gr1 Titanium Alloy is the preferred material for any application requiring easy formability and is commonly used for titanium plates and pipes.

Gr2 Titanium Alloy is known as the "workhorse" of commercial pure titanium industrial applications due to its versatility and widespread availability. It shares many qualities with Gr1 Titanium Alloy but is slightly stronger. Both exhibit corrosion resistance. This grade has good weldability, strength, ductility, and formability, making Gr2 Titanium rods and sheets the preferred choice in many applications such as construction, power generation, and medical industries.

Gr3 Titanium Alloy is the least utilized among commercial pure titanium grades, but this doesn't diminish its value. Gr3 is stronger than Gr1 and Gr2 with similar ductility and slightly less formability, but it offers higher mechanical performance than its predecessors. Gr3 is used in applications requiring moderate strength and primary corrosion resistance, such as aerospace, chemical processing, and marine industries.

Gr4 Titanium Alloy is considered the strongest among the four commercial pure titanium grades. It's also known for its excellent corrosion resistance, good formability, and weldability. It's used in high-precision applications like aircraft components, low-temperature containers, heat exchangers, etc.

Gr7 Titanium Alloy is mechanically and physically equivalent to Gr2, except for the addition of the palladium gap element, making it an alloy. Gr7 exhibits excellent weldability and characteristics, being the most corrosion-resistant of all titanium alloys. In fact, it's the most corrosion-resistant in reducing acids. Gr7 is used in chemical processing and production equipment components, boasting extremely strong corrosion resistance, especially in reducing acidic environments.

Gr11 Titanium Alloy is very similar to Gr1 Titanium Alloy, with the addition of a small amount of palladium to enhance corrosion resistance, making it an alloy. This corrosion resistance is useful in preventing crevice corrosion and reducing acids in chloride environments. Other useful properties include optimum ductility, cold formability, useful strength, impact toughness, and excellent weldability. This alloy can be used for the same titanium applications as Grade 1, especially where corrosion is a concern.

Ti-6Al-4V, Grade 5 Titanium Alloy, is known as the "workhorse" of titanium alloys and is the most commonly used among all titanium alloys. It accounts for 50% of the total titanium usage worldwide. Its availability is due to its many benefits. Ti-6Al-4V can be heat-treated to increase its strength. It can be used for welding structures at temperatures up to 600°F. The alloy has high strength, lightweight, useful formability, and high corrosion resistance. The availability of Ti-6Al-4V makes it the best alloy for multiple industries such as aerospace, medical, marine, and chemical processing industries. It can be used to create aircraft turbine blades, engine components, aircraft structural components, aerospace fasteners, high-performance automotive parts, marine applications, sports equipment.

Ti-6Al-4V ELI, Grade 23, is a higher purity form of Ti-6Al-4V. It can be made into coils, strands, wires, or flat wires. It is preferred for any situation requiring high strength, lightweight, good corrosion resistance, and high toughness. It has excellent damage tolerance compared to other alloys. These advantages make TC4ELI grade the ultimate dental and medical titanium grade. Due to its biocompatibility, good fatigue strength, and low modulus, it can be used for biomedical applications such as implantable components. It can also be used for detailed surgical procedures such as orthopedic pins and screws, orthopedic cables, Ligature clips, surgical implants, orthodontic appliances, in joint replacements, low-temperature containers, bone fixation devices.

Gr12 Titanium Alloy is graded as "excellent" due to its high-quality weldability. It's a highly durable alloy that offers significant strength at high temperatures. Gr12 Titanium exhibits characteristics similar to those of the 300 series stainless steels. The alloy can be hot or cold formed using press forming, hydroforming, stretch forming, or drop hammer methods. Its ability to be formed in various ways makes it useful in many applications. The alloy's high corrosion resistance also makes it invaluable for manufacturing equipment where crevice corrosion needs to be considered. Gr12 can be used in the following industries and applications: shells and heat exchangers, wet metallurgical applications, high-temperature chemical manufacturing, maritime and ticket components.

Ti-5Al-2.5Sn is an alloy that cannot be heat-treated and offers good weldability and stability. It also possesses high-temperature stability, high strength, good corrosion resistance, and good creep resistance. Creep is the phenomenon of plastic deformation occurring over long periods at high temperatures. Ti-5Al-2.5Sn is primarily used in aircraft and airframe applications as well as low-temperature applications.